 |
Generic Name: Gemtuzumab
Brand Name(s): Mylotarg®
IUPAC: Humanized chimeric anti-CD33 antibody
FDA Approval: yes
Manufacturer Link
|
Usage: Gemtuzumab is used in the treatment relapsed acute myeloid
leukemia (AML) that tests positive for CD33 in patients 60 years or older. Gemtuzumab is administered as an IV infusion.
Mechanism: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) is a combination of two different chemicals. On part is derived from a
monoclonal antibody directed against the CD33
antigen. The other component is a antibiotic that kills tumor cells. The CD33 antigen is present on immature leukemic cells and on some normal early-stage blood cells, however, it is not found on pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. After the antibody portion of this drug binds to the CD33 antigen it is taken into the cell. Inside the cell, the antibiotic is released and causes breaks in cellular
DNA that result in cell death. Note that the image shown is a general structure of an antibody. There are four proteins bound together in a 'Y' shape. The two top tips of the Y are where the antibody binds with its target. This means that each antibody molecule can bind to two identical target regions.
Side Effects: Gemtuzumab can affect certain normal cells of the blood, which can result in infection. For this reason blood counts will be monitored throughout the duration of treatment. Patients are advised to use birth control during treatment because Gemtuzumab may cause harm to the unborn child. Infusion reactions may also occur. These reactions are much more likely to occur during the first infusion and the 24-hour period that follows. Reactions may be severe and include pulmonary effects and low blood pressure. Hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity) may also occur in patients with and without a history of liver problems. Symptoms include rapid weight gain, abdominal pain, enlarged liver and elevated liver enzymes. Patients should be monitored closely for these effects. Other side effects may include: chills, fever, and nausea.
(1)
Print
Email Page
