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CancerQuest > Introduction to Patient Information > Introduction to Cancer Detection and Diagnosis > Barium Enemas

Barium Enemas

Barium enemas are used to examine the patient's colon for abnormalities, including cancer and pre-cancerous polyps.

In a single-contrast barium enema a special liquid containing barium is inserted into the colon. In a double-contrast barium enema barium and air are inserted into the colon. The double-contrast technique allows for better detection of polyps in the colon.

Before the procedure, the colon must be cleaned out with a laxative and/or an regular enema. Then, a lubricated tube is placed in the rectum and the barium and air are injected. This may cause feelings of bloating and discomfort, but taking slow, deep breaths may help. X-rays are taken as the barium enters and leaves the body. Views may be taken with the patient lying in several different positions. The whole procedure lasts 30-60 minutes. After the procedure, the patient should drink fluids, rest and possibly take a cleansing enema. Complications are very rare and may occur if there is an allergic reaction to the barium or tearing of the colon.⁽¹⁾

References for this page:

1. Colorectal Screening Methods. Cancer Research Foundation of America (2002). [http://www.preventcancer.org/colorectal/aboutcolorectal/about_screening.cfm]